Critical infrastructures: roads, residential and commercial building, bridges, and cyclone shelter. Climate change and infrastructures: interactions, effects on structures, and long-term vulnerability of building, bridges and road networks. Climate tolerant materials: characteristics of engineering materials, laboratory investigation and simulations. Smart Infrastructures: application of smart technologies (artificial intelligence, image processing) to road, shelter, residential and commercial building. Policies: incorporation of issues of disaster in the construction of infrastructures, Infrastructure: Concepts of infrastructure, such as Dam, Embankment, polder, Earthen structures Infrastructure Management: Concept, shelter policy and monitoring, community risk and crisis management in infrastructures.

Systems infrastructure and site requirements: Mine development; access (shaft, declines), surface infrastructure (offices, fuel storage bays etc) mine services; water, air, rail, roads, electrical, hydraulics. maintenance Surface mining methods: Method selection, open pit mining; includes truck and shovel (coal), includes extractives truck and shovel matching for production requirements Underground mining methods: Method selection, shaft sinking, coal mining, history of Bangladesh coal mining, board and pillar, long wall, ventilation, pillar design, working in difficult ground, ground control – hard rock, hard rock mining methods, cut and fill , caving methods, room and pillar, bogger and truck matching for production requirements Coal mine hazards, control & ventilation: Gas reservoir characteristics, gas drainage, outbursts and windblasts, spontaneous combustion of coal, coal mine legislation, coal mine ventilation planning and practice Occupational health & safety measures: types of accidents and injuries, hazard management, manual handling, human factors, entry into confined spaces. Systems infrastructure and site requirements: Mine development; access (shaft, declines), surface infrastructure (offices, fuel storage bays etc) mine services; water, air, rail, roads, electrical, hydraulics. maintenance Surface mining methods: Method selection, open pit mining; includes truck and shovel (coal), includes extractives truck and shovel matching for production requirements Underground mining methods: Method selection, shaft sinking, coal mining, history of Bangladesh coal mining, board and pillar, long wall, ventilation, pillar design, working in difficult ground, ground control – hard rock, hard rock mining methods, cut and fill , caving methods, room and pillar, bogger and truck matching for production requirements Coal mine hazards, control & ventilation: Gas reservoir characteristics, gas drainage, outbursts and windblasts, spontaneous combustion of coal, coal mine legislation, coal mine ventilation planning and practice Occupational health & safety measures: types of accidents and injuries, hazard management, manual handling, human factors, entry into confined spaces.

Flood: Concept, types, causes and impacts of flood; flood and flash flood risk assessment for resilience prospects, early warning and flood preparedness, catchment and flood return period analysis, management of floodplain areas in Bangladesh. River Morphology: Meandering and braided rivers, Alluvial and fluvial processes, geomorphology, natural levees, river shifting and dynamics: causes and impacts, sinuosity index, hazards from river and sustainable river management for community resilience. River Engineering: Reconciling and optimizing the different aspects of safety, water supply, construction aggregates, navigation, hydropower and ecosystem functioning. measures to enhance these functions, as well as methods to assess the near-field and far-field effects of these measures, on a short term and in the long run. Critically analyze the fundamental equations of fluid dynamics and appreciate how they relate to approximate equations commonly employed in the study of open channels. Appreciate the importance of bed shear stress in open channels, particularly in connection to sediment transport. Identify the coupling between turbulence and sediment dynamics in fluvial environments. Utilize the principle of sediment-mass balance to predict the evolution of the river bed (morpho dynamics). Identify the most appropriate theoretical and practical tools for solving a given problem of engineering interest in rivers. Determination of river bed/banks stability and propose diverse alternatives for river training. Quantify bed-form and grain roughness effects on flow resistance. Identify different modes of sediment transport and quantify their rates as functions of hydraulic variables. Estimate the rate of siltation in a given dam. Critically assess local and general scour around bridge foundations. Use numerical models to predict the morphological evolution of a river. Use numerical models to assess the impact of flood events and dam breaks. Exercise technical judgement and make decision. Carry out and present engineering calculations

Introduction: Linear Regression Classical Linear Regression Model (CR Model): Assumptions, ordinary least square (OLS) estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, unbiased estimator of error, best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of regression parameter, Problems of CR model when applying to spatial data analysis. Generalized Linear Regression Model (GR model): Least square estimation, maximum likelihood estimation. Spatial Regression Model: spatial econometric approach, spatial statistic approach. Best Linear unbiased predictor: Best Linear unbiased predictor (BLUP), Application to spatial regression model. Python, RockWare, RockWorks, MatLab, GIS, QGIS, Photoscan for statistical outputs Spatial and temporal data analysis: Simulation

Introduction: Basic terminology, classification of landslides, soil properties, rock properties, Rockslide mechanisms: Slope deformation, landslide stabilization, shallow slope failure, rain-triggered sliding, typical gravity mass flows (e.g. granular flows and rock avalanches, rock falls and topples). Basic concept: Friction, cohesion, shear strength, fluid mechanics and granular flow relevant for understanding the dynamics of slides as well as slope instability and slope failure problems Precipitation, severe flooding and landslides: Major generation processes as well as the underlying physics of landslide processes Prevention of landslides or mitigation of the potential consequences: Hazard and risk zoning and management of mitigation programs, landslide runs out assessment; hazard and risk assessment, resilience structure and landslide. Landslide in Bangladesh: Prevention and control measures. A few case studies.

Introduction: retrofitting, selection of retrofitting, Retrofitting for earthquake resistance: bolting, steel plate wrapping of column, geosynthetic for embankment, scaffolding, Retrofitting for flood: construction and repairing of dams, dikes, flood wall, and barrages, sluice gate. Elevating plinth level. Retrofitting for bridges, roads, tunnels, underpass, and over passes. Urban disaster: urban disasters, impacts of disasters, loss and damage modelling, and urban hazards. Modelling Disasters: modelling of urban disasters (flood, earthquake, heatwaves), urban flood Management measures (drainage, open area, reconstruction of canal). Mapping: application of GPS, GIS and image processing for real time information collection to the city planners and users. Spatial data processing, artificial intelligence. Disaster evacuation maps. Prediction of the common urban disasters and risk assessment due to an upcoming disaster, Preparedness and Responding to urban disasters, agency coordination during response. Disaster Survival Skills for the Urban Environment, Urban Resilience and Disaster Vulnerability in the Asia-Pacific Region. Case studies: Bangladesh Urban Disaster Mitigation Project (BUDMP). Planning and policy: Disaster prevention coding policy for urban area

Social vulnerability and analysis: Theoretical and policy debates; the roles of public, private and community-based organizations in rebuilding post-disaster. Dimensions of post-disaster recovery planning and policies: physical, social, economic, and political dimensions of post-disaster recovery planning and policies. Analysis of post-disaster urban reconstruction and recovery planning processes: Urban design physical planning; neighborhood/community planning; architectural design for different building types. Policy formulation and implantation strategies: landscape design; rebuilding and revitalization of historic sites; housing rehabilitation program; socio-economic development programs (rural, urban district or regional). Information needs and the role of the media: During and after disasters, and, community resiliency, and reconstruction funding. Community needs assessment and evaluation: Evaluation of recovery programs; capacity building; the role of vulnerable populations (for example, the elderly, disabled people, children, women, marginalized people) in the development and implementation of reconstruction plans. Post Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction: Recovery Planning Modelling, Resource Allocation Model, Performance Loss Model, Integrate Recovery Plan Data, Identify Frequency of Performance Analysis, User Equilibrium Assignment Phase, Reconstruction Cost Model, Multi-objective Optimization Model. Recovery and reconstruction process, Providing Emergency First-aid, Constructing Systems for Recovery and Reconstruction, Rebuilding Housing and Lifestyles, Creating Safe Areas, Reconstructing Industries and the Economy, and Implementing Countermeasures Prior to Disasters

Concept and categorizing Disaster Resilience: resilience, community vulnerability and resilience to disasters. Vulnerability and Variability to Disaster Resilience: Social, economic, physical and environmental variability analysis for societal resiliency to disasters. Building Resilience: Concepts, national and international case studies towards community resiliency. Disaster Resilience Leadership Program: Frequency, intensity and impact of disasters and resilience; strengthening existing leadership capacity, building organizational efficacy, creating future DRL leaders, enhancing the global DRL network Understanding community resilience Characteristics of a safe and resilient community Drivers of and constraints on building disaster resilience community: the evidence so far A framework for community safety and resilience Building community resilience in a changing climate Globally good practices and lessons learned.

Coastal Processes- The physical processes operating in the coastal environment ,wind waves - their generation and transformation processes, coastal hydrodynamics and transport processes, coastal water level fluctuations (short-term and long-term), and governing processes on beach/barrier, deltaic, wetland and estuarine environments. Introductory concepts in coastal morpho dynamics will be presented through case studies that cover topics of land building, deltaic and estuarine sedimentation, marsh edge erosion, long shore transport and shoreline change, run-up and inundation over wash during storms, and inlet back barrier interactions. The course will also emphasize on presenting modeling tools available for the study of such environments, and review observation techniques and analysis tools currently used. Sediment Transport and Dredging: Particle size analysis, fluid-particle systems, incipient motion; suspended and total loads; bedforms; sediment measurements; physical and numerical modeling of sediment transport; transport of liquid-solid mixtures in pipes; dredging equipment; hydraulic and mechanical dredging; geotechnical properties of dredged sediments; environmental impacts of dredging; pipeline transport of dredged sediments. Ocean and Coastal Engineering- Elements of wind and wave generation and forecasting, tidal phenomena, hurricanes, storm surge, tsunamis, interaction of waves and wind with coastal and offshore structures, coastal and estuary processes. Design aspects of various topics are discussed and analyzed: e.g., offshore structures, coastal protection, beach formation, harbor resonance, littoral transport and control. Design of Coastal and Hydraulic Structures-Design of hydraulic structures including consideration of types and functions of dams; hydraulic design of spillways, crest gates, outlet works, and stilling basins; design considerations for hydraulic machinery, hydroelectric power, canals, and navigation locks; Geotechnical consideration and design of floodwalls; stability, seepage, and settlement of levees; rubble-mound breakwaters; armor layer stability; bulkhead design and stability; shore protection alternatives; design of pumping stations, sector gates, outfall structures; Hurricane and storm Damage Risk Reduction; construction considerations and life-cycle-cost analysis.

Water Resources: Definition, types of water, IWRM and SWRM, Green, Blue and Grey water concepts Hydrological cycle and precipitation: Hydrological cycle, Hydrological budget, Hydro meteorological observation Precipitation, Types and Forms Measurement Processing of precipitation data Groundwater in hydrologic cycle and its occurrence: Physical properties and principles of groundwater movement; Groundwater and well hydraulics; Groundwater resource evaluation; Groundwater levels and environmental influences; Water pollution and contaminant transport; Recharge of groundwater; Saline water intrusion in aquifers; Groundwater management. Introduction, objective of water quality modelling; Mass loading rate estimation; point source, tributary and intermittent sources; Low flow, travel time and velocity estimates; Mass balance equation and steady state solution. Groundwater contamination: Ground water as a resource, types of ground water contaminants, drinking water standards, risk and drinking water, source of groundwater contamination, relative ranking of groundwater contamination sources, groundwater contamination as a long term problem, review of mathematics and the flow equation, Surface and subsurface investigation of groundwater. Saline Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifer: Occurrence, Ghyben-Herzberg relation between fresh and saline water, Glover equation for interface, shape of fresh-salt water interface, control of saline water intrusion. Principles and process controlling composition of natural water: Relationship among environmental factors and natural water composition, climate, geologic effects, biochemical, factors, chemical thermodynamic model applied to natural water, ground water systems, evaluation of water composition. Properties and constituents in water analysis: Principal components of dissolved oxygen (DO) analysis, sources and sinks of DO kinetics, DO analysis of water bodies, engineering control of DO. Nature of dissolved state, suspended particulate materials, hydrogen ion activity, specific electricity conductance, silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, minor and trace elements. Site remediation: Source control measure, solid waste, removal and disposal, containment, hydrodynamic isolation, Pump and treat systems, capture zones, computation of capture zones, optimizing withdrawal injection systems, permanent plume stabilization, Treatment of extracted ground water, treatment of inorganic contaminants, treatment of dissolved organic contaminants, Recovery of nonaqeous phase liquids, Removal of leaking underground storage tanks. One and multidimensional models for rivers and lakes, solution techniques; physical and hydrologic characteristics of lakes, response of lake to waste inputs, finite segment steady state lake models; model calibration and verification, sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation; Case studies. Integrated and sustainable Water Resource Management: IWRM and SWRM concept, approaches, application for drought and flood management in Bangladesh, GIS application to water resource management, Surface water delineation and catchment assessment for sustainability and water as a global issue. Water and human health, water and food production and irrigation, Development of IWRM in line with legal and regulatory framework, Social and political issues of water use.

Teachers from different research field will provide a lecture focusing on their research filed. The teachers will emphasize on the disaster resilience Diversification of Disaster resilience and engineering laboratory.

Contemporary perspectives on women and social change Feminist theories which inform social change and development Women and education Labor force restructuring Changes to family structures A conceptual framework on gender and resilience Diagnosis: Manifestations of gender inequalities Gender mainstreaming in project design Gender-focused project activities Obstacles in changing gender relations in resilience Drivers of gender transformation Learning from projects and from case studies

Historical earthquake: causes, effects (primary and secondary) and recovery. Earthquake: Causes, characteristics, types of Earthquakes and distribution of earthquake, seismic waves, Mechanism, prediction strategy, warning and planning. Details of Faults and behavior of faults, Elastic rebound theory. Response mechanism of building to earthquake. Global earthquake zones, nature and planning and mitigation policies of earthquake, Earthquake preparedness, response and recovery. Mitigation of hazardous effects of earthquake on built environment, GRS (geosynthetic reinforced structures). Landslides and measurement of earthquake magnitude. Survey of natural hazards and the disasters they cause, with emphasis on geological hazards in Bangladesh. Foundations in basic geological hazards related to science, suitable for use in teaching, communications, policy, and emergency management careers. Seismic hazard analysis: Identification and evaluation of earthquake sources, deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Community Based Earthquake Management in Bangladesh Introduction, seismology and earthquakes, seismic hazard analysis, wave propagation in elastic medium, dynamic soil properties, strong ground motions, ground response analysis, local side effects and design ground motions, seismic stability of slopes and embankments, slope disaster caused by the earthquake, seismic lateral pressure, mechanism of soil liquefaction, assessment of liquefaction potential, liquefaction-induced ground displacements, response of pile foundation in liquefied ground, countermeasure against soil liquefaction. Seismic modelling and simulation.

Fundamentals of transportation hazards: Cyclone, storm surge, flood and salinity issues. traffic engineering Fundamentals of traffic flow: traffic congestion, capacity and bottleneck, time-space diagram, traffic state variable, fundamental diagram, shock wave theory, cumulative curve and congestion analysis, Dynamic microscopic flow model Queuing theory: deterministic and stochastic queuing theory, Smart technologies to the disaster resilient transportation: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Automated vehicle and smart city. Geometric design and construction of sustainable road network: Capacity for different section in specific events, road classification and network design, and road geometric design. Intersection Control: classification of intersection and signalization, signal control design and saturation flow, signal coordination and area-wide control. Network analysis and traffic simulation: network features and behavioral principles, network assignment and traffic simulation. ITS for disaster resilience: ITS for road network, applications and standardization.

Groundwater hydrology: Surface and ground water interactions, ground water movement, groundwater flow directions, depression, and general flow equation; vertical distribution of groundwater, geologic formation of aquifer and its types; major groundwater aquifers and groundwater resources potential and constraints in Bangladesh; Human influence on ground water cycle. Ground water well hydraulics: Steady unidirectional flow and radial flow to a well, multiple well systems. Water wells: Methods for constructing shallow and deep tube wells; tube well drilling technology, preparation of well log and sand analysis to identify water bearing formations; well development, completion, and rehabilitation; groundwater tables and levels, pumping equations. Groundwater quality: Quality parameters/criteria, measures of water quality analysis; possible sources of groundwater pollution including arsenic contamination, controlling groundwater pollution; Saline water intrusion: Occurrence, Ghyben-Herzber law, causes and mechanisms of saline water intrusion, control of saline water intrusion; sea level rise and salinity intrusion in coastal areas of Bangladesh, effects of salinity on agro-ecological system. Management of Ground water: Concept of basin management, equation of hydraulics equilibrium, ground water basin investigations, data collection and field work, alternative basin yield, basin management by conjunctive use. Discussions, Demonstrations, Field visit, Survey. Reading Assignments, Exercise Performance Assessments, Quality of report, Quiz and Oral Presentation test. Page 30 of 40 Modelling for groundwater resource management in Bangladesh: Conceptual design of groundwater modelling for resource assessment, groundwater development and assessment of water pollution in Bangladesh, development of GIS-based models. Water supply system: Regional, national and international experience.

Characteristic earthquakes and long-term earthquake forecasts, Comparison of observed ground acceleration response spectra from recent large earthquakes with uniform building seismic design spectra. Uncertainty analysis in seismic hazard evaluation. preliminary analysis of site effects in different basin from strong motion data. Systematic determination of seismic safety levels for design of R/C buildings, Inelastic behavior and load displacement equations of low-rise RC solid and perforated shear walls. Vulnerability study of government buildings after retrofitting. Systems integrated approach in natural hazard mitigation. Absolute acceleration feedback control of structures. Bridge damage diagnosis by vibrational signature analysis. Seismic performance of bridges: Northridge earthquake. Analysis of building seismic records using artificial neural networks. Seismic stability of cohesive soil slopes. A correlation between landslide and rainfall data. Reducing landslide risk in urban areas. Mechanism of initiation of debris flow. Urban flood hazard mitigation. Inundation models. Flood mitigation through joint flood control operation of parallel reservoirs. Rainfall estimates from satellite observations. Social science approaches in disaster research: selected research issues and findings on mitigating natural hazards in the urban environment. Economic aspects of urban vulnerability and disaster mitigation 

Defining community The reality of community Accountability Concept of partnership Community negotiations Community cohesion - working for the future Consensus, community diversity Community participation and engagement Indigenous issues Social policy Women and child protection Poverty inequality and resilience Theories of sustainability and resilience Social justice and community mobilization. Response based resilience approach Disaster resilient community policy

International and national projects on Disaster Resilience Brazil Electricity Crisis (Kennedy): Clarify the overall structure of problem, find fundamental cause(s), policy process Hurricane Catrina: Clarify the overall structure of problem, find fundamental cause(s) Cyclone SIDR: Structuring overall problem, cause, effects (primary and secondary) and recovery. Nepal Earthquake 2015: Structuring overall problem, cause, effects (primary and secondary) and recovery Lesson from GDRC, JIDPUS, EU-PSTU, JICA-PSTU and other DRR and CCA projects Contemporary disaster resilience projects

Course Content: 1. Urban Waste: Identification of urban waste, source and type of urban waste, solid waste, hazardous waste and sewage. 2. Solid waste: Source and type of solid waste, quantities and composition of solid waste, physical and chemical properties of solid waste, management of solid waste; on site handling, storage and processing of solid waste, collection, transfer of solid waste, ultimate disposal of solid waste-different methods; biological treatment and composting of MSW (municipal solid waste ), sanitary landfill, land farming, incineration. Resource recovery, energy recovery. Zero waste management and waste minimization. 3. Hazardous waste: Identification and characteristics of hazardous waste, classification of hazardous Waste, collection, processing and treatment of hazardous waste (physical process, chemical process, thermal process, biological process). Natural treatment process; waste stabilization pond, aquatic weeds and constructed wetland system. Disposal of hazardous waste- different methods. 4. Sewage: Introduction, identification of source of sewage, collection and treatment of sewage; sewage treatment scenario, waste water treatment plant, package plant and batch reactors, waste water treatment through productive activities. Activated sludge process, resource recovery from sewage, life cycle analysis of waste management options. 5. Waste Treatment plant in Bangladesh: Waste from garments, Waste from Tannery, Municipal waste etc. Mechanism of treatment plant and process. 6. Advance waste management and energy recovery from waste at low cost.

Concept of Advance Remote Sensing and GIS: Nature, Energy interaction in the atmosphere, Energy and Earth surface features, Photographic Systems, Aerial Photography, Drone Technology, Visual Image Interpretation Disaster Resilience: Systematical process of administrative decisions, organization, operational skills and capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities. Advanced methods for disaster risk and resiliency assessment: Risk management framework, techniques for probabilistic risk assessment, spatial data infrastructure, integration of risk information with other relevant information into disaster risk management and environmental impact assessment, advanced probabilistic models for multi-hazard risk assessment, multi-modal, multi-touch interaction with maps in disaster management, advanced real-time disaster information mapping, spatial database model for geometric path planning suitable for facilitating disaster resilience and management activities. RS-GPS-GIS system: Acquisition of remote sensing data related to disaster risk and resiliency and image processing; acquisition of GPS-based field data; attribute data and integration of RS, GPS and attribute data; display of outputs in different formats for different users. Microwave Remote Sensing: Radar, Interaction between radar and surface materials, Radar image interpretation

Soil properties related to earthquake: Classification of soil, stress and strain, principle of effective stress, and effects of seepage on the stability of structures, determining soil deformation parameters, and calculating settlement magnitude and rate of settlement, specifying soil compaction requirements, and field and laboratory tests. Behaviour of buried structures Liquefaction induced damage and its countermeasures Internal erosion of soil, and sinkhole Subsurface cavities in urban road, dams and reservoirs Stress-strain relationships of soil: details of laboratory investigation Wave measurement in laboratory soil specimen Behaviour of granular materials and DEM simulation Seismic behaviour of earth structures Use of reinforced earth structures against earthquakes and tsunamis Original and modified Mononobe-Okabe theory Original and extended Newmark’s sliding block method Physio-mechanical properties of rocks: Mechanical properties of soft rock, Determination of physic-mechanical properties of intact rock and rock mass, rock discontinuities, in situ stresses and failure mechanisms in rocks. Engineering properties of soft, weak and compressible deposits, principles of treatment-loading (static and dynamic), accelerated flow, reinforcement, vertical drains granular piles, soil nailing-anchors etc. Introduction, basic soil properties and testing, shallow and deep foundations for superstructures, earthquake resilient pile foundations, retaining structures, levee, earthwork and temporary excavations, dewatering and ground water control, soil and site improvement, geotechnical earthquake analysis, environmental geotechnics-landfill, slope stability–slope failure; landslide, tunneling.

Public Policy: Introduction, externality, public goods, decision making for public policy, general concept of cost-benefit analysis in strategic disaster mitigation projects-road development; benefit from environment conservation; disaster prevention dam or embankment etc. Social System Analysis: Decision under risk-basic framework; decision on experiment; inspection; portfolio, Markov chain model and Queuing model for strategic decision analysis in disaster mitigation projects Introduction to the course. Overview: a global and local perspective on disasters. Understanding vulnerability and risk from a social and political perspective: developed and developing nations; poverty. Key stakeholders, interests and activities. Climate change and urbanization. Vulnerability and urbanization; vulnerability and remoteness. Understanding vulnerable groups from a social and political perspective: discussion of age, gender, social capital, ethnicity. Understanding the role of the state and civil society: discussion of socio-political and socio-historical realities. Resilience from a social and political perspective: stakeholder engagement; capacity building. Prevention and preparedness, response and recovery. Framing disasters: social and political views, interests and activities. Post disaster rebuilding: social and political considerations; immediate and long-term impact of socio-political factors.

Introduction: Concept of Environment and its relation to society, Ecological concept and principles of environment. Environmental Degradation and Pollution: Meaning, Types and Process of environmental degradation/problems, Deforestation and its adverse effect on environment, Soil degradation and restoration Industrial Development and Urbanization on Environment: Definition, factor and types of environment pollution, surface and subsurface water pollution and/or contamination. Ground Subsidence, Soil Erosion and Desertification: Risk and Resiliency This course introduces theories, principles, and regulations that guide restoration practices in a variety of environmental issues, including rivers, wetlands, forests, prairies, and urban areas. Causes of environmental degradation, motivations for restoration, and ways of evaluating restoration success, considering scientific, philosophical, management, political, and cultural dimensions. Sustainable rehabilitation, sanitation, and water supply. Integrated sewerage system design. Disaster resilient human waste treatment. Structural measures for the environmental restoration and mitigation of risks due to disasters. Understand and describe important physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect environmental integrity. Familiarity with approaches to environmental restoration of streams and rivers, wetlands and riparian areas, lakes and reservoirs, and coastal ecosystems. Understand and apply concepts involved in designing and achieving sustainable uses of ecosystems (e.g., treatment wetlands and land treatment systems), and application of ecological engineering techniques in storm water management. Analyze and illustrate the impact that designing ecosystems to solve engineering problems has in the context of societal and global issues. Identify and describe the contemporary issues and emerging fields in which ecological engineers will be called upon to use their expertise.